ANALISIS PENGETAHUAN DAN PEMAHAMAN MASYARAKAT TENTANG PERBANKAN SYARIAH (Studi Kasus: Masyarakat Jorong Sutijo, Nagari Koto Gadang, Kec. Iv Koto, Kab. Agam)

Abstrak

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh perkembangan perbankan syariah di Indonesia, yang telah berkembang pesat sebagai alternatif keuangan berbasis prinsip Islam, namun pengetahuan masyarakat tentangnya masih minim, terutama di daerah pedesaan seperti Jorong Sutijo, Nagari Koto Gadang, Kecamatan IV Koto, Kabupaten Agam. Masyarakat di sana mayoritas beragama Islam dengan potensi ekonomi dari pertanian dan perdagangan, tetapi akses ke layanan perbankan syariah terhambat oleh jarak kantor cabang yang jauh dan kurangnya sosialisasi, sehingga mereka lebih akrab dengan bank konvensional seperti Bank BRI. Tujuan utama penelitian adalah mengungkap tingkat pengetahuan dan pemahaman warga tentang perbankan syariah, termasuk prinsip dasar seperti larangan riba, gharar, dan maysir, serta produk seperti tabungan Wadiah dan Mudharabah. Penelitian ini menerapkan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan pengumpulan data primer yang dilakukan melalui observasi lapangan, wawancara mendalam terhadap tokoh masyarakat, kepala jorong, serta warga setempat, dan didukung oleh studi dokumentasi.Data sekunder diperoleh dari laporan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) tentang literasi keuangan syariah nasional. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan masyarakat terbatas pada konsep dasar, di mana mereka mengenali perbankan syariah sebagai sistem tanpa bunga karena riba diharamkan, tetapi belum bisa menjelaskan produk spesifik atau membedakan Tabungan Wadiah sebagai titipan murni dan Tabungan Mudharabah sebagai bagi hasil. Ini dkarenakan aksesibilitas sulit, promosi bank syariah yang minim, dan pengaruh sosial yang lebih memilih bank konvensional.

This research is motivated by the development of Islamic banking in Indonesia, which has grown rapidly as an alternative financial institution based on Islamic principles, but public knowledge about it is still minimal, especially in rural areas such as Jorong Sutijo, Nagari Koto Gadang, IV Koto District, Agam Regency. The community there is predominantly Muslim with economic potential from agriculture and trade, but access to Islamic banking services is hampered by the distance of branch offices and lack of socialization, so they are more familiar with conventional banks such as Bank BRI. The main objective of the study is to reveal the level of knowledge and understanding of residents about Islamic banking, including basic principles such as the prohibition of usury, gharar, and maysir, as well as products such as Wadiah and Mudharabah savings. This research applies a descriptive qualitative approach with primary data collection conducted through field observations, in-depth interviews with community leaders, village heads, and local residents, and supported by documentation studies. Secondary data was obtained from the Financial Services Authority (OJK) report on national Islamic financial literacy. The results indicate that public knowledge is limited to basic concepts. They recognize Islamic banking as an interest-free system because riba (usury) is prohibited. However, they are unable to explain specific products or differentiate between Wadiah Savings, which are pure deposits, and Mudharabah Savings, which are profit-sharing. This is due to difficult accessibility, minimal promotion of Islamic banks, and social influences favoring conventional banks.